Can I caulk these windows?

These windows were here when we moved in. This is my first home, and I would like to stay on top of these sort of things. In the only seams I think are present, there is a rubber type gasket present. The gaskets are very worn and are probably not doing anything at this point. Do I remove the gaskets and just caulk in the seams where they were? If not, how/where do I caulk these windows? Thanks in advance!

 

That is what I would do.
I would cut them rather than trying to pull them out.

 

Geez. That is a vinyl replacement window that has been retrofit into an old aluminum window frame. I don't even know what is going on with that old caulk or gasket or whatever it was. But I would say that yes, you should cut or chisel off any of that old caulk and recaulk it.

If you happen to have a table saw, what might look best is to make a 3/4 x 3/4 stop out of Azek pvc, and fasten that to the old aluminum frame to cover up the edges of the vinyl window. (On the top and sides only) Then caulk the edges of that stop, and recaulk the bottom of the vinyl window. That might look a little cleaner because I'm afraid that caulking it as it is now might just make a bigger mess out of it.

And remove the old snubber from the right side of the old aluminum window frame. I only use OSI Quad on vinyl windows. It stays white, sticks best, and lasts the longest.

 

Not sure what "snubber" is unless you just mean the gasket/caulk material that's all around the window. I have 21 of these retrofits all around my house. So I am just going to remove all the gasket material and use that OSI product you mentioned in the crease where the old material was...seems pretty simple.

 

The snubber is the small metal piece on the right side of the old window frame in your bottom picture. It is exactly in the middle of the right side. That piece is leftover from the original casement window that used to be there. Google casement window snubber.

 

The pics don't indicate how the window/screen frame is held in place. If resealing is needed, I would make sure frame remove/replace is an easy task before proceeding. Can you provide a picture of the vertical side of the window from the inside of the house (window up) or from the outside of the house (screen up)?

 

@ beelzebob... there is nothing unusual about his screen. Bottom picture, it is spring loaded on the right, with finger tabs on the left, best used from inside. Pretty much every vinyl double hung window uses this same style.